Ti pitit, kisa w genyen? Ti pitit, sa w genyen? The groom, who only speaks Creole, is getting cold feet. He tells you he doesn't think he can go through with the wedding. You'd say in Haitian Creole: 5. Kisa ki genyen? Sak genyen? Kisa ki pase? Sak pase? You want to ask what's wrong with his dad. You'd say, Kisa li genyen? Sa l genyen? Kisa papa ou genyen? Most historians define Cajuns as an ethnic group of Acadian descent. Acadians are French settlers who made their way to Canada. Easily identified by their distinguished Cajun-French accents, today, Cajuns are known whats wrong in creole their vibrant music including Zydecolively dancing and delectable cuisine. What is the definition of Creole? More difficult to define than Cajun, the term Creole is highly debated and holds no official definition. Historians have defined Creole as meaning anything from an ethnic group consisting of individuals with European and African, Caribbean or Hispanic descent to individuals born in New Orleans with French or Spanish ancestry.

However someone defines it, it is clear that the impact of Creole culture and heritage has made its mark on New Orleans through various avenues and means. Cajun and Creole food are both native to Louisiana and whats wrong in creole be found in restaurants throughout New Orleans. article source

Gradualist and developmental hypotheses[ edit ] One class of creoles might start as pidginsrudimentary second languages improvised for use between speakers of two or more non-intelligible native languages. Keith Whinnom in Hymes harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFHymes help suggests that pidgins need three languages to form, with one the superstrate being clearly dominant over the others. The lexicon of a pidgin is usually small and drawn from the vocabularies of its speakers, in varying proportions.

Morphological details like word inflectionswhich usually take years to learn, are omitted; the syntax is kept very simple, usually based on strict word whats wrong in creole. In this initial stage, all aspects of the speech — syntax, lexicon, and pronunciation — tend to be quite variable, especially with regard to the speaker's background. If a pidgin manages to be learned whats wrong in creole the children of a community as a native language, it may become fixed and acquire a more complex grammar, with fixed phonology, syntax, morphology, and syntactic embedding. Pidgins can become full languages in only a single generation. The vocabulary, too, will develop to contain more and more items according to a rationale of lexical enrichment. The process invoked varies: a general tendency towards semantic transparencyfirst- language learning driven by universal process, or a general process of discourse organization.

Bickerton's language bioprogram theoryproposed in the s, remains the main universalist theory. Around them, they only heard pidgins spoken, without enough structure to function as natural languages ; and the children used their own innate linguistic capacities to transform the pidgin input into a full-fledged language.

The alleged common features of all creoles would then stem from those innate abilities being universal.

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Recent studies[ edit ] The last decades have seen the emergence of some new questions about the nature of creoles: in particular, the question of how complex creoles are and the question of whether creoles are indeed "exceptional" languages. Some features that distinguish creole languages from noncreoles have been proposed by Bickerton, [58] for example. John McWhorter [59] read more proposed the following list of features to indicate a creole prototype: a lack of inflectional morphology other than at most two or three inflectional affixesa lack of tone on monosyllabic words, and a lack of semantically opaque word formation. McWhorter hypothesizes that these three properties exactly characterize a creole. However, whats wrong in creole creole prototype hypothesis has been disputed: Henri Wittmann and David Gil argue that languages such as MandingSoninkeMagoua French and Riau Indonesian have all these three features but show none of the sociohistoric traits of creole languages.

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Exceptionalism[ edit ] Building up on this discussion, McWhorter proposed that "the world's simplest grammars are Creole grammars", claiming that every noncreole language's grammar is at least as complex as any creole language's grammar. Gradualists question the abnormal transmission of languages in a creole setting and argue that the processes which created today's creole languages are no different from universal patterns of language change.

Given these objections to creole as a concept, DeGraff and others question the idea that creoles are exceptional in any meaningful way. Controversy[ edit ] Creolistics investigates the relative creoleness of languages suspected to be creoleswhat Schneider calls "the cline of creoleness. In McWhorter's view, less prototypical creoles depart somewhat from this prototype.

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Along these lines, McWhorter defines Haitian Creoleexhibiting all three traits, as "the most creole of creoles. Wittmann and DeGraff come to the conclusion that efforts to conceive a yardstick for measuring creoleness in any scientifically meaningful way have failed so far.

Mufwene and Wittmann harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFWittmann help have argued further that Creole languages are structurally no different from any other language, and that Creole is in fact a sociohistoric concept and not a linguistic oneencompassing displaced population and slavery. They discuss the history of whats wrong in creole and nineteenth-century work that argues for the consideration of the sociohistorical contexts in which Creole languages emerged. This section reads like a review rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. Please help improve this article to make it neutral in tone and meet Wikipedia's quality standards.

April To the defense of DeGraff and Wittmann it must be said that McWhorter's book is a collection of previously published papers and that it contains nothing on "defining creole", Manding, Sooninke or Magoua that wasn't already known when DeGraff and Wittmann published their critiques as can be seen from their published debate. The issues in question are, at this point, unresolved as to sustaining McWhorter's hypotheses in any significant way though DeGraff's contribution addresses their weaknesses as far whats wrong in creole Haitian Creole is concerned adding new evidence against.

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